The aim of the ENIGMA-SCT working group is to bring together Schizotypy (SCT) research groups towards large scale meta- and mega-analyses of neuroimaging data across many different studies and datasets.

Our call for participation is open and we look forward to welcoming new partners! If you have existing imaging data on healthy participants who completed a validated schizotypy / subclinical psychotic-like experiences questionnaire, if you are planning to start such a study, or if you would like more information, please contact Prof. Gemma Modinos and Dr. Matthias Kirschner. We are always open to new datasets and collaborators! The only prerequisite is that each participating group must follow the ENIGMA Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) guidelines.

To get started, you should usually run your dataset through the current ENIGMA Imaging Protocols (found here), and we can help you with that.

As a first goal, we analyzed T1-weighted brain MRI data from multiple sites in order to shed light into the neurobiology of schizotypy, with a focus on meta-analyses of subcortical and cortical volumes, as well as laterality. All further projects will be listed below as they arise.
 
Co-Chairs:

• • Prof. Gemma Modinos, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK (gemma.modinos@kcl.ac.uk)
• • Dr. Matthias Kirschner, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Geneva, Switzerland (matthiaskirschner@gmail.com)

Former Co-Chair: Prof. André Aleman, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
 

Projects and their status

Published

Publications:

• Kirschner M, Hodzic-Santor B, Antoniades M, Nenadic I, Kircher T, Krug A, Meller T, Grotegerd D, Fornito A, Arnatkeviciute A, Bellgrove MA, Tiego J, Dannlowski U, Koch K, Hülsmann C, Kugel H, Enneking V, Klug M, Leehr EJ, Böhnlein J, Gruber M, Mehler D, DeRosse P, Moyett A, Baune BT, Green M, Quidé Y, Pantelis C, Chan R, Wang Y, Ettinger U, Debbané M, Derome M, Gaser C, Besteher B, Diederen K, Spencer TJ, Fletcher P, Rössler W, Smigielski L, Kumari V, Premkumar P, Park HRP, Wiebels K, Lemmers-Jansen I, Gilleen J, Allen P, Kozhuharova P, Marsman JB, Lebedeva I, Tomyshev A, Mukhorina A, Kaiser S, Fett AK, Sommer I, Schuite-Koops S, Paquola C, Larivière S, Bernhardt B, Dagher A, Grant P, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Thompson PM, Aleman A, Modinos G. Cortical and subcortical neuroanatomical signatures of schizotypy in 3004 individuals assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study. Mol Psychiatry. 2022 Feb;27(2):1167-1176.
• Quidé Y, Watkeys OJ, Tonini E, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Nenadić I, Kircher T, Krug A, Hahn T, Meinert S, Goltermann J, Gruber M, Stein F, Brosch K, Wroblewski A, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Straube B, Alexander N, Leehr EJ, Bauer J, Winter NR, Fisch L, Dohm K, Rössler W, Smigielski L, DeRosse P, Moyett A, Houenou J, Leboyer M, Gilleen J, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Aleman A, Modinos G, Green MJ. Childhood trauma moderates schizotypy-related brain morphology: analyses of 1182 healthy individuals from the ENIGMA schizotypy working group. Psychological Medicine. 2024 Apr;54(6):1215-1227.

 
Preprints:

• Matthias Kirschner, Benazir Hodzic-Santor, Leda Kennedy, Justine Y. Hansen, Mathilde Antoniades, Igor Nenadić, Tilo Kircher, Axel Krug, Tina Meller, Udo Dannlowski, Dominik Grotegerd, Kira Flinkenflügel, Susanne Meinert, Tiana Borgers, Janik Goltermann, Tim Hahn, Joscha Böhnlein, Elisabeth J. Leehr, Carlotta Barkhau, Alex Fornito, Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Mark A. Bellgrove, Jeggan Tiego, Pamela DeRosse, Melissa Green, Yann Quidé, Christos Pantelis, Raymond Chan, Yi Wang, Ulrich Ettinger, Martin Debbané, Melodie Derome, Christian Gaser, Bianca Besteher, Kelly Diederen, Tom J. Spencer, Josselin Houenou, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Raymond Salvador, Wulf Rössler, Lukasz Smigielski, Veena Kumari, Preethi Premkumar, Haeme R. P. Park, Kristina Wiebels, Imke Lemmers-Jansen, James Gilleen, Paul Allen, Jan-Bernard Marsman, Irina Lebedeva, Alexander Tomyshev, Anne-Kathrin Fett, Iris Sommer, Sanne Koops, Phillip Grant, Indrit Bègue, Dennis Hernaus, Maria Jalbrzikowski, Casey Paquola, Sara Larivière, Boris Bernhardt, Sofie Valk, Bratislav Misic, Theo G. M. van Erp, Jessica A. Turner, Paul M. Thompson, Andre Aleman, Alain Dagher, Stefan Kaiser, Gemma Modinos. Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy: A worldwide ENIGMA study. medRxiv 2024 May 6. doi: 2024.05.03.24306736.

Ongoing projects

Cerebellum
Raymond C.K. Chan
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
"Structural covariances of cerebellar volumes, subcortical volumes and cortical thickness – an ENIGMA consortium meta-analysis"

Supragranullar
Kelly Diederen, Tom Spencer, Brandon Gunasekera
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
"Is supragranular thinning of the brain’s cortex associated with schizotypy? An ENIGMA consortium meta-analysis"

Language
Matthias Kirschner, Werner Surbeck, Philipp Homan
Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich, Switzerland
"Anatomical integrity within the ventral language stream and semantic processing deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorders"

White matter social withdrawal
Jessica A. Turner, Jesse T. Edmond, Gemma Modinos
Ohio State University, OH, USA; Georgia State University, GA, United States; King's College London, UK
"White matter and social withdrawal in schizotypy - an ENIGMA consortium meta-analysis”

NeuroMiner
Gemma Modinos, Nikolaos Koutsouleris
King's College London, UK
"Multivariate pattern analysis of brain structure in schizotypy - an ENIGMA consortium study"

ENIGMA Link
Jeggan Tiego, Alex Fornito
Monash University, Australia
"‘ENIGMA Link’ - Linking Scales with Item Response Theory Yields Novel Insights into the Structural Neurobiological Correlates of Schizotypy "

RVI
Gemma Modinos, Matthias Kirschner
King's College London, UK
"Brain network morphometry to inform individual liability in schizotypy"

rsfMRI
Gemma Modinos, Nicholas Livingston
King's College London, UK
"Resting-state functional connectivity in schizotypy: an ENIGMA-Schizotypy consortium meta-analysis"
 

Locations of ENIGMA-Schizotypy Members